Dengue fever symptoms, causes, contagious, rash, prevention. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. Dengue fever is a severe, flulike illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. Dengue virus infection in humans causes a spectrum of ill ness ranging from inapparent or mild febrile illness to severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease 1. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Department of health and human services centers for. Nearly all dengue cases reported in the 48 contiguous us states were in travelers infected elsewhere. Covert covid19 and falsepositive dengue serology in. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur when someone is bitten by a mosquito or exposed to blood infected with the dengue virus. Seroprevalence increased with age and correlated well with known previous epidemics in the region. Read about treatment and symptoms, like rash and fever, get vaccine info, and learn about. Ns4a, ns4b, ns5 that are found in infected host cells and are required for replication of virus. Diffrntial diagnosis it can be difficult to distinguish dengue fever and chikungunya, a similar viral infection that shares many symptoms and occurs in similar parts of the world to dengue. Background dengue is a disease which is now endemic in more than 100 countries of africa, america, asia and the western pacific. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc considers dengue fever to cause the majority of acute febrile illnesses in travelers returning to the u. Virus isolation is possible from different sources. Infection with one serotype of denv provides immunity to that serotype for life, but provides no longterm immunity to other serotypes. In dengue endemic regions, suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of dengue infection should be reported to the relevant authorities as soon as possible. In general, dengue is a selflimiting acute febrile illness followed by a phase of critical defervescence, in which patients may improve or progress to a severe form. Virus isolation is possible from different sources like blood, plasma, serum and other tissues. Dengue virus infection in humans causes a spectrum of illness ranging from inapparent or mild febrile illness to severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease. Dengue occurs in 100 countries worldwide maps 401 through 403, including puerto rico, the us virgin islands, and usaffiliated pacific islands.
Dengue is common in the us territories of puerto rico, the us virgin islands, and american samoa. Causes, complications, and vaccine strategies niyatikhetarpal 1,2 andirakhanna 1 international centre for genetic engineering and biotechnology, aruna asaf ali marg, new delhi, india department of biochemistry, university of delhi, institute of home economics, hauz khas, new delhi, india. Severe illness is characterized by hemodynamic disturbances, increased vascular permeability, hypovolemia, hypotension, and shock. Dengue fever dengue pronounced as denggey is a virus whose name is derived from the swahili ki denga pepo, which means seizure caused by an evil spirit, according to lisa a. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology. The recent emergence and reemergence of viral infections transmitted by vectorszika, chikungunya, dengue, japanese encephalitis, west nile, yellow fever and othersis a cause for international concern. You can be infected by at least two if not all four types at different times during your lifetime, but only once by the same type. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. Using as examples zika, chikungunya and dengue, we summarise current knowledge on characteristics of the viruses and their transmission, clinical. It can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock.
In the united states, local dengue outbreaks most recently occurred in hawaii 2015, florida pdf icon pdf 6 pages external icon 20, and. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. These mosquitoes bite during the day, usually just after sunrise and around sunset. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. While suffering from dengue fever, children below 10 years of age are affected differently. Dengue 2 virus plaquereduction neutralization assays were performed to evaluate the specificity of the antibody response. Dengue virus is a rna virus of the family flaviviridae 3. Symptoms of dengue fever can easily be mixed with the symptoms of other fever. Since the last major pandemic in 1998, epidemics have recurred in. In the past few years, dengue has come up as a seasonal viral infection. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Effects of dengue fever causes, symptoms and treatment.
If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Dengue like illness, dengue, severe dengue disease plan quick links. Petechiae small red spots or purple splotches or blisters under the skin, bleeding in the nose or gums, black stools. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Lets move ahead to know more about dengue, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and blood tests, and how to check dengue in blood report. Dengue fever breakbone fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue is a highly endemic infectious disease of the tropical countries and is rapidly becoming a global burden.
Endemic in more than 120 countries, particularly the southeast asian and western pacific regions, the caribbean, latin america, and some regions in the us, africa, and middle east. Symptoms include headache, fever, rash, and evidence of bleeding hemorrhage in the body. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Take acetaminophen also known as paracetamol outside of the united states to control fever and relieve pain. The mosquito aedes aegypti is the main vector of transmission of dengue virus in countries lying between latitudes 35 degrees north and 35 degrees south. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Dengue shock syndrome an overview sciencedirect topics. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. This video aims to describe the mode of replication of dengue virus and the pathophysiology of dengue. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue hemorrhagic fever, which causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin. Dengue fever is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Aedes mosquitoes are usually found in urban and suburban areas, as they like to breed in manmade containers like tires, flowerpots, and household water. Causes, prevention and recent advances find, read and cite all.
The dengue virus genome contains 11,000 nucleotide bones. Denv is presently the most common cause of arboviral disease globally. It is a mosquitoborne, single positivestranded rna virus of the family flaviviridae. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Dengue fever df and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are 2 apparently distinct clinical manifestations of dengue virus infection, and each may be caused by any of the 4 antigenically related dengue virus serotypes 1, 2.
There are 4 distinct, but closely related, serotypes of the virus that cause dengue. Dengue is a vectorborne viral infection and a globally important public health problem. Dengue viruses serotypes dengue 1 to 4 are flaviviruses associated primarily with febrile illnesses and rash. Dengue fever vaccine, symptoms, treatment, prevention. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue viruses are among the leading causes of paediatric morbidity and mortality, and a cause of panic of epidemic proportions, in countries with populations. It causes high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eye, joint pain, and muscle pain. The presence of fever, rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue fever. Dengue fever breakbone fever is a mosquitoborne disease. All four denv serotypes have emerged from sylvatic strains in the forests of southeast asia. Dengue is endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics and is a leading cause of febrile illness among travelers returning from latin america, the caribbean, and southeast asia. Five serotypes of the virus have been found, all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. Coagulation abnormalities in dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Df is classically a selflimiting, nonspecific illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and constitutional symptoms. Dengue is a disease caused by the bite of a mosquito infected with any one of four specific dengue viruses. Serotype infectivity and phylogenetic of dengue virus cause of dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and engue shock syndrome dss in surabayaindonesia 1,5 infection with denv causes a spectrum of clinical disease ranging. Transmission from human to human is predominantly by the mosquito aedes aegypti, which bites in the daytime, is adapted to human habitats and has a preference for. Nevertheless, scientists understanding of dengue virus may be simplistic, as rather than distinct antigenic groups, a continuum appears. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. The viruses that cause dengue fever are spread by mosquitoes of the species aedes aegypti, and sometimes also by aedes albopictus.
Millions of cases of dengue infection occur worldwide each year. Disease causative should be collected in early phase of disease onset, max of 5 days. Dengue and coronavirus disease 2019 covid19 are difficult to distinguish because they have shared clinical and laboratory features. There is no treatment for dengue fever, and about 40 percent of the worlds population is at risk. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, anum jaweria and others published dengue fever. There are numerous people, adults as well as kids, who are hospitalized to get treatment for dengue fever.
Pdf serotype infectivity and phylogenetic of dengue. Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus denv. Antibodies to dengue virus, or closely related flaviviruses, were detected in 61. Dengue fever is estimated by the world health organization who to cause about 50100 million infections per year worldwide. The latest publication from the institute of medical. The rate of mortality due to dengue lies from 6 % 30 % wherein it was found that it were mostly children that died amongst the dengue patients. Dengue virus causes about 100 million cases of acute febrile disease annually, including more than 500,000 reported cases of severe dengue. Dengue is an acute febrile disease caused by the mosquitoborne dengue viruses denvs, consisting of four serotypes denv 1 to 4, that are members of the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. Causes dengue is caused by the bite of one of the many types of mosquitoes in the genus aedes aegypti, which has white stripes on their bodies and legs. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a more severe form of the viral illness. Dengue virus is prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics. Beltz, an assistant professor in the department of biology at kent state university and author of emerging infectious diseases.
Infection with any of the four serotypes causes a similar clinical presentation that may vary in severity, depending on a number of risk factors see below. Often, investigations are performed to exclude other conditions that cause similar symptoms, such as malaria, leptospirosis, typhoid fever, and. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Today, severe dengue affects most asian and latin american countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children and adults in these regions. The mosquitos that carry this disease are mainly in tropical areas so travelers may arrive in the united states with dengue fever. The functionality of their circulatory system gets affected. Dengue in the us states and territories dengue cdc. It is caused by any of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus and is transmitted within humans through female aedes mosquitoes. Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome.
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